One of the key components of canal engineering is the use of locks. Locks are used to raise and lower boats between different levels of the canal. They are typically constructed of concrete or stone and require precise engineering to ensure that they function properly. Locks can be found in a variety of designs, including single-chamber locks, double- and triple-chamber locks, and inclined planes.

In addition to locks, canal engineering also involves the construction of bridges. Bridges are used to span the canal and provide a means of crossing for people and vehicles. They can be constructed of a variety of materials, including wood, steel, and concrete. The design of bridges must take into account the weight and size of the boats that will be passing underneath them.

Finally, the architecture of buildings along the canal is also an important aspect of canal engineering. Buildings along the canal can serve a variety of purposes, including housing for canal workers, storage for goods, and offices for canal companies.